All sorts! “Science” is a split between “domain” knowledge about the details of some system or other — could be physics, biology, whatever — and a more general “scientific method” of knowing the right sorts of questions to ask, ways to avoid biasing ourselves, and an overall respect for objective reality. This second category is massively valuable in all areas of human endeavour, whether or not they are obviously “science”. This is why “data science” has become such a big deal in the last few years — the science is in how you get and use data to make something better in your area, be that business or nuclear physics. Companies and governments have (finally) realised that this is super-important… and that people with pure science & maths training have it in spades.
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a really good resource for careers in physics http://www.iop.org/careers/undergrad–postgrad/your-future/page_64487.html
Careers using physics include: defence, astronomy, education, engineering, medicine, climate change, nanotechnology, energy, space, communications…
There are so many! Because science is so broad you can go into loads of careers with a science degree.
If you want to do research as part of your job you could go work for a big experiment like CERN where you would be building or using the collider, you could work with a company doing industrial research for example Cadbury the chocolate company employs chemists in their food labs or you could go join a university department that does research you are interested in, then you could conduct your own research while also teaching students 🙂
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